{"id":2878794,"date":"2024-11-18T09:00:19","date_gmt":"2024-11-18T02:00:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kill2.mmmaq.com/_res_0\/?p=2878794"},"modified":"2024-12-22T12:33:34","modified_gmt":"2024-12-22T05:33:34","slug":"cong-nghe-sinh-hoc-trang-giai-phap-ben-vung-cho-nganh-cong-nghiep-nuoc-hoa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kill2.mmmaq.com/_res_0\/cong-nghe-sinh-hoc-trang-giai-phap-ben-vung-cho-nganh-cong-nghiep-nuoc-hoa\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc tr\u1eafng, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng cho ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u01b0\u1edbc hoa"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc tr\u1eafng (white biotechnology) c\u1ee7a Firmenich. \u1ea2nh: Firmenich<\/p><\/div>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u trong c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb9p. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u00e3n m\u00e1c, bao b\u00ec s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 xem li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n g\u00e2y k\u00edch \u1ee9ng, d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng da hay kh\u00f4ng, qua \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u01b0\u1edbc hoa v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ea1o m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c. Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p gi\u1ea5u k\u00edn tuy\u1ec7t k\u1ef9 nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Do \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o h\u01b0\u01a1ng trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u \u2013 t\u1eeb tinh d\u1ea7u thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean hay l\u00e0 m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, tr\u1eeb phi nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng tin. Lo l\u1eafng tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu minh b\u1ea1ch, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh xa s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p l\u1eddi s\u1ef1 lo l\u1eafng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u1edf c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc tr\u1eafng (white biotechnology). Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 pha ch\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc hoa, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u01a1m ph\u00f2ng c\u0169ng m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea1n qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 “\u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc” v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap tr\u1ea5n an s\u1ef1 lo l\u1eafng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc tr\u1eafng (white biotechnology) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n
\"\"

Vi khu\u1ea9n l\u00ean men \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u1ea2nh: Ginkgo Bioworks<\/p><\/div>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc tr\u1eafng l\u00e0 g\u00ec, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra bia, r\u01b0\u1ee3u, whiskey, s\u1eefa chua,… \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng enzyme v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean (s\u1eefa, m\u1ea1ch nha, n\u01b0\u1edbc nho), con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc tr\u1eafng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o s\u1ed1ng \u2013 t\u1eeb n\u1ea5m men,\u00a0 n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c, vi khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u2013 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c enzyme \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean men, t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c, trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec sao n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng cho ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u01b0\u1edbc hoa?<\/h2>\n
\"\"

Chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t Dreamwood c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty Firmenich \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00eda, song l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ed1ng g\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e0n h\u01b0\u01a1ng (sandalwood). S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf n\u1ea1n khai ph\u00e1 g\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e0n h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t tinh d\u1ea7u. \u1ea2nh: Firmenich<\/p><\/div>\n

1. Gi\u00fap v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n do bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h3>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra n\u01b0\u1edbc hoa v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt, thu ho\u1ea1ch m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i hoa qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o h\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc tr\u1eafng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho n\u01b0\u1edbc hoa qua ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d \u1ee5ng vi khu\u1ea9n l\u00ean men. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n khai th\u00e1c qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111ang bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5, tinh d\u1ea7u g\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e0n h\u01b0\u01a1ng (sandalwood).<\/strong> G\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e0n h\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean khan hi\u1ebfm do n\u1ea1n khai th\u00e1c r\u1eebng. Khi V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh c\u00f2n cai tr\u1ecb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Anh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 lo\u1ea1i g\u1ed7 n\u00e0y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1792. Tuy nhi\u00ean l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n h\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng. Sau n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t r\u1eebng g\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e0n h\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf \u00dac, gi\u00fap \u0111\u01b0a m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc hoa. D\u1eabu v\u1eady, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y l\u1ea5y tinh d\u1ea7u c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t gian nan, khi\u1ebfn tinh d\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0n h\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u01b0\u1edbc hoa \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020, c\u00f4ng ty Firmenich \u2013 c\u00f4ng ty h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m Th\u1ee5y S\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 125 n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi tinh d\u1ea7u g\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e0n h\u01b0\u01a1ng, khi l\u00ean men \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00eda.<\/p>\n